Tina Tang的部落格

hardy (adj.) 

definition :

1. a.      capable of withstanding adverse conditions <hardy outdoor furniture> <hardy plants> <hardy cattle>
2. b.      inured to fatigue or hardships

ex. 

Hardy fans stuck with the team through good times and bad.

     Only the hardiest pilgrims made the journey.

lump (n.) 

definition :

1. a.      a piece or mass of indefinite size and shape
2. b.      a person who is heavy and awkward; also :  one who is stupid or dull

ex. 

He got a lump on his head after bumping into the doorway.

starch (n.)  

definition :

a white odorless tasteless granular or powdery complex carbohydrate (C6H10O5)x that is the chief storage form of carbohydrate in plants, is an important foodstuff, and is used also in adhesives and sizes, in laundering, and in pharmacy and medicine

ex. 

a middle-aged woman who has retained the starch of youth

indulge 

definition :

restrained pleasure in 

ex. 

It's my birthday. I'm going to indulge myself and eat whatever I want to eat.

pastry (n.)  

definition :

sweet baked goods made of dough having a high fat content

ex. 

He worked on the filling while I prepared the pastry.

indispensable (adj.)  

definition :

1. a.      not subject to being set aside or neglected <an indispensable obligation>
2. b.      absolutely necessary :  essential <an indispensable member of the staff>

ex. 

fully aware that he was an indispensable assistant, he decided that it was high time that he be paid what he was worth

parallel (n.)  

definition :

1. a.      extending in the same direction, everywhere equidistant, and not meeting <parallel rows of trees> 
2. b.      being or relating to an electrical circuit having a number of conductors in parallel

ex. 

These two sentences are parallel in structure.

notion (n.)  

definition :

1. a.      an individual's conception or impression of something known, experienced, or imagined 
2. b.      an inclusive general concept 
3. c.       a theory or belief held by a person or group

ex. 

The study disproves any notion that dolphins are not intelligent.

lumber (n.) 

definition :

Collective term for harvested wood, whether cut into logs, heavy timbers, or members used in light-frame construction. Lumber is classified as hardwood or softwood (see wood). The term often refers specifically to the products derived from logs in a sawmill. Conversion of logs to sawed lumber involves debarking, sawing into boards or slabs, resawing into thinner boards of varying sizes, edging, crosscutting to square the ends and remove defects, grading according to strength and appearance, and drying in the open air or in kilns. Drying below the fiber-saturation point results in shrinkage and generally greater strength, stiffness, and density and better prepares the wood for finishing. Preservatives are often applied to protect the wood from deterioration and decay.

massive (adj.)  

definition :

1. a.      large in scope or degree <the feeling of frustration, of being ineffectual, is massive — David Halberstam>
2. b.      large in comparison to what is typical <a massive dose of penicillin> 
3. c.       being extensive and severe <massive hemorrhage> 
4. d.      imposing in excellence or grandeur<massive simplicity>

ex. 

You can find a massive amount of information on the Internet.

poise (n.)

definition :

to be or hold sth steady in a particular position, especially above sth else.

ex.

The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop.

orientation(n.)

definition :

the type of aims or interests that a person or an organization has: the act of directing your aims towards a particular thing.

ex.

The course is essentially theoretical in orientation.

generate(v.)

definition :

to produce or create sth.

ex.

We need someone to generate new ideas.

parameter(n.)

definition :

something that decides or limits the way in which sth can be done.

ex.

We had to work within the parameter that had already been established.

rehabilitate(v.)

definition :

to help sb to have a mental, useful life afain after they have been very sick or in prison for a long time.

ex.

It is a unit for rehabilitating drug addicts.

censor (v.)

definition :

to remove the parts of a book, film movie, etc. that are considered to be offensive, immortal or a political threat.

ex.

The news reports had been heavily censored.

coordinate(v.)

definition :

to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well.

ex.

They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team.

neurological (adj.)

definition :

relating to nerves or to the science of neurology

ex.

He is suffering from neurological damage.

instigate(v.)

definition :

to make sth start or happen, usually sth official.

ex.

The government has instigated a program of economic reform.

geometry(n.)

definition :

the measurement and relationships of lines, angles, etc. in particular object or shape.

ex.

It is awesome to see the geometry of a spider's web.

maneuver (n.) 

definition :

an armed forces training exercise; especially :  an extended and large-scale training exercise involving military and naval units separately or in combination —often used in plural

ex. 

Through a series of legal maneuvers, the defense lawyer kept her client out of jail.

fraud (n.)  

definition :

1. a.      intentional perversion of truth in order to induce another to part with something of value or to surrender a legal right
2. b.      an act of deceiving or misrepresenting

ex. 

He was the victim of an elaborate fraud.

repression (n.) 

definition :

the act of using force to control someone or something

ex. 

They survived 60 years of political repression.

fray (v) 
definition :

if a rope or piece of cloth frays or is frayed, the fibers in it become loose and start to come apart
ex:

The shirt cuffs are beginning to fray.

millennium (n.)
definition :

the thousand years mentioned in Revelation 20 during which holiness is to prevail and Christ is to reign on earth
ex:

The book describes the changes that have occurred in the landscape over many millennia.

toss  verb \ˈtȯs, ˈtäs\
def:

to fling or heave continuously about, to and fro, or up and down 
ex.

She tossed the ball high in the air.

fad   noun \ˈfad\
def:

a practice or interest followed for a time with exaggerated zeal 
ex.

She's always interested in the latest fads. 

edible  adjective \ˈe-də-bəl\
def:

fit to be eaten 
ex.

All of the decorations on the gingerbread house were edible.

 
breed  verb \ˈbrēd\
def:

to produce (offspring) by hatching or gestation 
ex.

He got into the business of breeding cattle.

fury  noun \ˈfyu̇r-ē\
def:

intense, disordered, and often destructive rage 
ex.

Nothing could contain his fury over their accusations.

furious  adjective \ˈfyu̇r-ē-əs\
def:

exhibiting or goaded by anger 
ex.

She's furious at how slowly the investigation is proceeding.

gossip  noun \ˈgä-səp\
def:

a person who habitually reveals personal or sensational facts about others 
ex.

He had been spreading gossip about his coworkers.

hostile  adjective \ˈhäs-təl, -ˌtī(-ə)l\
def:

of or relating to an enemy 
ex.

They were entering hostile territory.

litter  noun \ˈli-tər\
def:

a covered and curtained couch provided with shafts and used for carrying a single passenger 
ex.

We decided to pick up the litter in the park.

script  noun \ˈskript\
def:

something written 
ex.

scripted three episodes of the show.

stiff   adjective \ˈstif\
def:

lacking in suppleness or flexibility 
ex.

When I got out of bed this morning my back was stiff as a board.

stuff noun \ˈstəf\
def:

materials, supplies, or equipment used in various 
ex.

She got out the cooking stuff to bake some cookies.

unanimous  adjective \yu̇-ˈna-nə-məs\
def:

being of one mind 
ex.

The judges made a unanimous ruling.

wage  noun \ˈwāj\
def:

a payment usually of money for labor or services usually according to contract and on an hourly, daily, or piecework basis
ex.

The table and chairs cost two weeks' wages.

cabin  noun \ˈka-bən\
def:

private room on a ship or boat 
ex.

Don't unbuckle your seat belt until the flight attendant says it is safe to move around the cabin.

cherish verb \ˈcher-ish, ˈche-rish\
def:

feel or show affection for
ex.

I will always cherish that memory.

crystal  noun \ˈkris-təl\
def:

quartz that is transparent or nearly so and that is either colorless or only slightly tinged
ex.

Some of the crystals used in the necklace are a pale pink color.

dairy  noun, often attributive \ˈder-ē\
def: 

room, building, or establishment where milk is kept and butter or cheese is made

desperate  adjective \ˈdes-p(ə-)rət, -pərt\
def:

having lost hope
ex.

The collapse of her business had made her desperate.

desperation  noun \ˌdes-pə-ˈrā-shən\
def:

a state of hopelessness leading to rashness
ex.

She felt overcome by desperation.

essay  verb \e-ˈsā, ə-ˈsā, ˈe-ˌsā\
def:

to make an often tentative or experimental effort to perform
ex.

There is no hint as to which of the approaches essayed in this book will prove most useful.

fable  noun \ˈfā-bəl\
def:

a fictitious narrative or statement
ex.

The story that he won the battle single-handedly is a mere fable.

gallery  noun \ˈga-lə-rē, ˈgal-rē\
def: 

an outdoor balcony
ex.

The movie features a gallery of weird characters.

decent  adjective \ˈdē-sənt\
def:

conforming to standards of propriety, good taste, or morality
ex.

I don't understand how so decent a person could be involved with this kind of crime.

screen  noun \ˈskrēn\
def:

something that shelters, protects, or hides
ex.

Don't sit too close to the screen or you'll get a headache.

candidate  noun \ˈkan-də-ˌdāt, ˈka-nə-, -dət\
def:

one that aspires to or is nominated or qualified for an office, membership, or award 
ex.

Candidates can apply in person or send a resume. 
 
round  adjective \rau̇nd\
def:

moving in or forming a circle 
ex.

The baby has a round face.

division   noun \də-ˈvi-zhən\
def:

one of the parts or groupings into which a whole is divided or is divisible 
ex.

After learning multiplication, the students were taught division. 

administration  noun \əd-ˌmi-nə-ˈstrā-shən, (ˌ)ad-\
def:

performance of executive duties 
ex.

She has a degree in business administration. 

accrue   verb \ə-ˈkrü\
def:

to come into existence as a legally enforceable claim 
ex.

I'll get back all the money I invested, plus any interest and dividends that have accrued.

cohesive   adjective \kō-ˈhē-siv, -ziv\
def:

exhibiting or producing cohesion or coherence
ex.

Their tribe is a small but cohesive group.

payroll  noun \ˈpā-ˌrōl\
def:

a paymaster's or employer's list of those entitled to pay and of the amounts due to each 
ex.

He's the manager of a baseball team with a $50 million payroll.

enroll  verb \in-ˈrōl, en-\
def:

to insert, register, or enter in a list, catalog, or roll 
ex.

The college enrolls about 25,000 students.

chairman   noun \-mən\
def:

the presiding officer of a meeting, organization
ex.

The chairman of the airline company 

chain   noun, often attributive \ˈchān\
def:

a series of usually metal links or rings connected to or fitted into one another and used for various purposes 
ex.

We'll need 25 feet of chain for the pulley. 

dazzle  verb \ˈda-zəl\
def:

to lose clear vision especially from looking at bright light 
ex.

Elvis always dazzled his audiences.

demographics   adjective \ˌde-mə-ˈgra-fik, ˌdē-mə-\
def:

relating to the dynamic balance of a population especially with regard to density and capacity for expansion or decline 

trustworthy  adjective \ˈtrəst-ˌwər-thē\
def:

worthy of confidence
ex.

a trustworthy bodyguard who would never blab to the tabloids

18.charismatic  adjective \ˌker-əz-ˈma-tik, ˌka-rəz-\
def:of, relating to, or constituting charisma or charism 

ex.He is a charismatic leader.

credibility   noun \ˌkre-də-ˈbi-lə-tē\
def:

the quality or power of inspiring belief

logistics  noun plural but singular or plural in construction \lō-ˈjis-tiks, lə-\
def:

the aspect of military science dealing with the procurement, maintenance, and transportation of military materiel, facilities, and personnel 

stiff  adjective \ˈstif\
def:

lacking in suppleness or flexibility 
ex.

When I got out of bed this morning my back was stiff as a board. 

undercut   verb \ˌən-dər-ˈkət\
def:

to offer to sell at lower prices than or to work for lower wages than (a competitor) 

rally  verb \ˈra-lē\
def:

to muster for a common purpose 

crate   noun \ˈkrāt\
def:

an open box of wooden slats or a usually wooden protective case or framework for shipping 
ex.

The bear arrived at the zoo in a crate. 

refuse   verb \ri-ˈfyüz\
def:

to express oneself as unwilling to accept

mow   verb \ˈmō\
def:

1. 1.      to cut down with a scythe or sickle or machine 
2. 2.      to cut the standing herbage (as grass) of

tractor  noun \ˈtrak-tər\
def:

a smaller 2-wheeled apparatus controlled through handlebars by a walking operator 

stapler  noun \ˈstā-p(ə-)lər\
def:

one that deals in staple goods or in staple fiber 

layout  noun \ˈlā-ˌau̇t\
def:

1.the plan or design or arrangement of something laid out
2.the act or process of planning or laying out in detail 
ex.

The layout of the apartment was good, but the kitchen was too small. 

freight noun \ˈfrāt\
def:

the compensation paid for the transportation of goods 
ex.

The freight arrived by steamboat.

attentive  adjective \ə-ˈten-tiv\
def:

heedful of the comfort of others 
ex.

The hospital is proud of its attentive staff.

disembark  verb \ˌdis-əm-ˈbärk\
def:

1.to go ashore out of a ship 
2.to get out of a vehicle or craft

ex.

The plane's crew members were the last ones to disembark.

turnout  noun \ˈtərn-ˌau̇t\
def:

the number of people who participate in or attend an event 
ex.

The opening game of the season brought only a small turnout.

enterpreneur  noun \ˌäⁿn-trə-p(r)ə-ˈnər, -ˈn
def:

one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise 
 
relocate  verb \(ˌ)rē-ˈlō-ˌkāt, ˌrē-lō-ˈ\
def:

to locate again : establish or lay out in a new place 
ex.

He relocated to Los Angeles for his new job.

personnel    noun \ˌpər-sə-ˈnel\
def:

a body of persons usually employed 
ex.

Over 10,000 military personnel were stationed in the country.

unveil  verb \ˌən-ˈvāl\
def:

to remove a veil or covering from 
ex.

The developer unveiled plans for a new housing complex.

crisp  adjective \ˈkrisp\
def:

desirably firm and crunchy 
ex.

I put on a crisp shirt and tie.

detain  verb \di-ˈtān, dē-\
def:

to restrain especially from proceeding 
ex.

They were detained by the police for questioning.
  
retain  verb \ri-ˈtān\
def:

to keep in possession or use 
ex.

A landlord may retain part of your deposit if you break the lease.
  

sustain  verb \sə-ˈstān\
def:

to give support or relief to 
ex.

Hope sustained us during that difficult time.

interact   verb \ˌin-tər-ˈakt\
def:

to act upon one another 
ex.

They're quiet children who don't interact much.
 
carrier  noun \ˈker-ē-ər, ˈka-rē-\
def:

an individual or organization engaged in transporting passengers or goods for hire 
ex.

I put the pet carrier in the car.

amenity  noun \ə-ˈme-nə-tē, -ˈmē-\
def:

something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment 
ex.

The hotel has every amenity you could want.

corridor  noun \ˈkȯr-ə-dər, ˈkär-, -ˌdȯr\
def:

a usually narrow passageway or route
ex.

They pushed me down the hospital corridor to the operating room.

lobby  noun \ˈlä-bē\
def:

a corridor or hall connected with a larger room or series of rooms and used as a passageway or waiting room
ex.

I'll meet you in the lobby after the show.

inquire verb \in-ˈkwī(-ə)r\
def:

to ask about <some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate  
ex.

When I inquired, they told me she was not here.

solicitor  noun \sə-ˈli-sə-tər, -ˈlis-tər\
def:

the chief law officer of a municipality, county, or government department 
ex.

Solicitors will be arrested for trespassing.

vibration  noun \vī-ˈbrā-shən\
def;

an instance of vibration 
ex.

The vibration of the floor caused by thundering feet in the hallway

epicenter  noun \ˈe-pi-ˌsen-tər\
def:

the part of the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake  
ex.

By continually reinventing itself, Las Vegas has managed to remain a national epicenter for entertainment.

regression  /rɪˈɡreʃ(ə)n/
def:

a return to a previous or less developed state
ex.

Regression of human coronary atherosclerosis.

metabolize  /məˈtæbəˌlaɪz/ 
def:

if your body metabolizes food, oxygen, etc., it changes it into a form that can be used as energy
ex.

Metabolize a drug into toxic fragments whereas another may produce harmless by-products.

minus  /ˈmaɪnəs/
def:

used in mathematics for showing that you are taking one number from another. This word is usually represented by the symbol -
ex.

The temperature got down to minus 15 degrees last night.

render  /ˈrendər/ 
def:

Formal to provide a service, or to give help to someone or something
ex.

We are sincerely grateful to everyone who has rendered assistance to the victims of the earthquake.

seduce  /sɪˈdus/ 
def:

to persuade someone to have sex with you
ex.

Thesaurus entry for this meaning of seduce.

heed  /hid/ 
def:

to consider someone's advice or warning and do what they suggest
ex.

The danger signs were there, but we didn't heed the warning.

negligent  /ˈneɡlɪdʒənt/
def:

failing to give care or attention, especially when this causes harm or damage
ex.

He jury found the doctor criminally negligent.

rehearsal  /rɪˈhɜrs(ə)l/ 
def:

an occasion when you practice for the performance of a play, concert, opera, etc.
ex.

Writers will be invited to attend rehearsals with the company.

refuse   verb \ri-ˈfyüz\
def:

1.to express oneself as unwilling to accept
2.to show or express unwillingness to do or comply with
ex.

When they offered me the money, I couldn't refuse.

contemporary  adjective \kən-ˈtem-pə-ˌrer-ē, -ˌre-rē\
def:

happening, existing, living or coming into being during the same period of time
ex.

The absurd notion that early cave dwellers were contemporary with the dinosaurs.

11.landfill   noun \-ˌfil\
def:

an area built up by landfill 
ex.

Part of the city was built on landfill.

hazardous  adjective \ˈha-zər-dəs\
def:

involving or exposing one to risk (as of loss or harm) 

ex.

These are hazardous chemicals that can cause death if inhaled.

reveal  verb \ri-ˈvēl\
def:

1. to make known through divine inspiration 
2. to open up to view 
ex.

The test revealed the true cause of death. 

mafia   noun \ˈmä-fē-ə, ˈma-\
def:

1. a secret criminal society of Sicily or Italy 
2.a group of people of similar or backgrounds prominent in a particular field or enterprise

magnet   noun \ˈmag-nət\
def:

1.lodestone
2. something that attracts 
ex.

The giant theme park is a magnet for tourists to the area.

melancholia  noun \ˌme-lən-ˈkō-lē-ə\
def:

a mental condition and especially a manic-depressive condition characterized by extreme depression,
bodily complaints, and often hallucinations and delusions 

menace  noun \ˈme-nəs\
def:

1.a show of intention to inflict harm 
2.one that represents a threat 
ex.

There was an atmosphere of menace in the city.

modest  adjective \ˈmä-dəst\
def:

1.placing a moderate estimate on one's abilities or worth 
2.arising from or characteristic of a modest nature 
ex.

She enjoyed modest success with her singing career.

monotony  noun \mə-ˈnä-tə-nē, -ˈnät-nē\
def:

tedious sameness 
ex.

The brief storm was a relief from the monotony of the hot summer afternoon.

nasty   adjective \ˈnas-tē\
def:

1.disgustingly filthy 
2. difficult to understand or deal with 
ex.

She has a nasty habit of biting her fingernail

envisage  verb \in-ˈvi-zij, en-\
def:

to view or regard in a certain way 
ex.

I envisage a day when proper health care will be available to everyone.

monorail  noun \ˈmä-nə-ˌrāl\
def:

a single rail serving as a track for a wheeled vehicle
ex.

The passengers boarded the monorail.

 commuter  noun \kə-ˈmyü-tər\
def:

a small airline that carries passengers relatively short distances on a regular schedule 

closet  noun \ˈklä-zət, ˈklȯ-\
def:

1.an apartment or small room for privacy 
2.a cabinet or recess for especially china, household utensils, or clothing 
ex.

The sheets and blankets are in the hall closet. 

dock  noun \ˈdäk\
def:

any of several usually broad-leaved weedy plants

plead verb \ˈplēd\
def:

to argue a case or cause in a court of law 
ex.

He begged and pleaded, but she would not change her mind.

dodge noun \ˈdäj\
def:

an act of evading by sudden bodily movement 
ex.

It was just another dodge to get out of working.

strand noun \ˈstrand\
def:

the land bordering a body of water 

thundernoun \ˈthən-dər\
def:

the sound that follows a flash of lightning and is caused by sudden expansion of the air
in the path of the electrical discharge 
ex.

Her dog is afraid of thunder.

municipal adjective \myu̇-ˈni-s(ə-)pəl \
def:

of or relating to the internal affairs of a major political unit 

bedazzle verb \bi-ˈda-zəl, bē-\
def:

to confuse by a strong light 
ex.

Fans bedazzled by movie stars.

endurance noun \in-ˈdu̇r-ən(t)s, -ˈdyu̇r-, en-\
def:

the ability to withstand hardship or adversity; especially: the ability to sustain a prolonged stressful effort or activity endurance> 
ex.

The exercise program is designed to increase both strength and endurance.

aerobic adjective \ˌer-ˈō-bik\
def:

living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen 
ex.

Aerobic exercises like running and swimming.

intermittent adjective \ˌin-tər-ˈmi-tənt\
def:

coming and going at intervals
ex.

The patient was having intermittent pains in his side.

rectangle noun \ˈrek-ˌtaŋ-gəl\
def:

a parallelogram all of whose angles are right angles; especially: one with adjacent sides of unequal length 

quack /kwæk/ 
def:

INFORMAL a doctor who is not very good, or someone who cheats people by pretending to be a doctor
ex.

Quacking ducks for those with sensitive ears!

weary /ˈwɪri/ 
def:

very tired, especially because of hard work or activity
ex.

They collapsed on to their beds, too weary to get changed.

adequate /ˈædəkwət/
def:

good enough or large enough for a particular purpose
ex.

The state has an adequate supply of trained teachers.

cvbarbaric /bɑrˈberɪk/
def:

extremely violent and cruel
ex.

Those people seem barbaric to me. 

deficient /dɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/
def:

lacking the correct amount of something
ex.

Deficient mice lack any glycophorin a 516

16.foe  /foʊ/ 
def:

an enemy
ex.

Thunderbirds 1 what is the name of the arch foe of the Tracy family?

generalization  /ˌdʒen(ə)rəlɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ 
def:

a statement that is true in most situations
ex.

We can draw some interesting generalizations from this data.

hazardous  /ˈhæzərdəs/
def:

dangerous, especially to people's health or safety
ex.

These chemicals are hazardous to human health.

judicial  /dʒuˈdɪʃ(ə)l/
def:

relating to the work of a judge
ex.

Judicial ethics limit what a judge can say during a trial.

kindle   /ˈkɪnd(ə)l/
def:

to start a strong interest or emotion in someone
ex.

His interest in politics was kindled by the 1996 election.

negligent  /ˈneɡlɪdʒənt/
def:

failing to give care or attention, especially when this causes harm or damage
ex.

The jury found the doctor criminally negligent.

omission   /əʊˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ 
def:

someone or something that has not been included, either deliberately or because someone forgot
ex.

I did actually notice one or two surprising omissions from the list.

rational  /ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/
def:

based on sensible practical reasons instead of emotions
ex.

There didn't seem to be any rational explanation for his actions.

sanitary  /ˈsænɪˌteri/
def:

relating to people's health, especially to the system of supplying water and dealing with human waste
ex.

Overcrowding has now been added to poor sanitary conditions.

unceasing  /ʌnˈsisɪŋ/
def:

continuing without stopping
ex.

They kept up an unceasing fight.

riveting adjective \ˈri-və-tiŋ\
def:

having the power to fix the attention 
ex.

A riveting explanation of light waves that fascinated the class.

sobering adjective
def:

tending to make one thoughtful or sober 
ex.

His death is a sobering reminder of the dangers of mountaineering.

riveting adjective \ˈri-və-tiŋ\
def:

having the power to fix the attention 
ex.

A riveting explanation of light waves that fascinated the class.

debris noun \də-ˈbrē\
def:

the remains of something broken down or destroyed 
ex.

After the earthquake, rescuers began digging through the debris in search of survivors.

swirl verb \ˈswər(-ə)l\
def:

to move with an eddying or whirling motion 
ex.

The water swirled around the drain.

riveting adjective \ˈri-və-tiŋ\
def:

having the power to fix the attention 
ex.

A riveting explanation of light waves that fascinated the class.

biscuit noun \ˈbis-kət\
def:

any of various hard or crisp dry baked products

flagon noun \ˈfla-gən\
def:

a large usually metal or pottery vessel (as for wine) with handle and spout and often a lid 
ex.

We drank a whole flagon of wine.

bedazzle verb \bi-ˈda-zəl, bē-\
def:

to confuse by a strong light
ex.

Fans bedazzled by movie stars.

prestigious adjective \pre-ˈsti-jəs, -ˈstē- also prə-\
def:

of, relating to, or marked by illusion, conjuring, or trickery 
ex.

A nutritional study that has been published by a prestigious medical journal

jester noun \ˈjes-tər\
def:

one given to jests 
ex.

A gentle jester, the cartoonist more often tries to evoke a broad smile than a hearty guffaw.

ailing verb \ˈāl\
def:

to give physical or emotional pain, discomfort, or trouble to 
ex.

This medicine is good for what ails you.

interim noun \ˈin-tə-rəm\
def:

an intervening time : interval
ex.

There was a brief interim in the proceedings while everyone got organized .

causal adjective \ˈkȯ-zəl\
def:

expressing or indicating cause : causative
ex.

No causal connection between the events was found.

engagement noun \in-ˈgāj-mənt, en-\
def:

an arrangement to meet or be present at a specified time and place
ex.

The couple recently announced their engagement.

protestor noun \ˈprō-ˌtest\
def:

a solemn declaration of opinion and usually of dissent
ex.

She told him to go to bed despite his protests that he wasn't tired.

missileadjective \ˈmi-səl, chiefly British -ˌsīl\
def:

capable of being thrown or projected to strike a distant object 

buzz verb \ˈbəz\
def:

to make a low continuous humming sound like that of a bee 
ex.

The hall buzzed with excitement as the audience waited for the show to start.

harsh /hɑrʃ/
def:

harsh actions, words, judgments, or laws are strict, unkind, and often unfair
ex.

Harsh words were spoken in the dressing room after the game.

illusion /ɪˈluʒ(ə)n/ 
def:

a false or wrong belief or idea
ex.

Many people still have the illusion that full employment is possible.

jargon /ˈdʒɑrɡən/
def:

special words and phrases that are only understood by people who do the same kind of work
ex.

We couldn`t understand his technical jargon.

smug adjective \ˈsməg\
def:

trim or smart in dress 
ex.

It's OK to celebrate your success, but try not to be too smug about it.

wagon noun \ˈwa-gən\
def:

usually four-wheeled vehicle for transporting bulky commodities and drawn originally by animals 

stir verb \ˈstər\
def:

to disturb the relative position of the particles or parts of especially by a continued circular movement 
ex.

The cake batter must be stirred for 10 minutes.

lease /lis/ 
def:

a legal contract in which you agree to pay to use someone else's building, land, or equipment for a specific period of time
ex.

When does the lease expire ?

wrist noun \ˈrist\
def

1. the joint or the region of the joint between the human hand and the arm or a corresponding part on a lower animal 
2.the part of a garment or glove covering the wrist 

rodent noun \ˈrō-dənt\
def:

1. any of an order (Rodentia) of relatively small gnawing mammals (as a mouse, squirrel, or beaver) that have in
both jaws a single pair of incisors with a chisel-shaped edge 
2.a small mammal (as a rabbit or a shrew) other than a true rodent 

thimble noun \ˈthim-bəl\
def:

1.a pitted cap or cover worn on the finger to push the needle in sewing 
2. a grooved ring of thin metal used to fit in a spliced loop in a rope as protection from chafing 

staccatoadjective \stə-ˈkä-(ˌ)tō\
def:

cut short or apart in performing 
ex.

The staccato blasts of a horn.

velvet noun \ˈvel-vət\
def:

1.clothing and upholstery fabric (as of silk, rayon, or wool) characterized by a short soft dense warp pile 
2.the winnings of a player in a gambling game 
ex.

She was dressed in black velvet.

6.stamp verb \ˈstamp\
def:1.to pound or crush with a pestle or a heavy instrument 
2.to cut out, bend, or form with a stamp or die 
ex.

He stamped his foot in anger.

thunder noun \ˈthən-dər\
def:

the sound that follows a flash of lightning and is caused by sudden expansion of the air in the path of the electrical discharge 
ex.

Lightning flashed and thunder boomed.

gear  noun \ˈgir\
def:

1. clothing, garments 
2.the rigging of a ship or boat 
ex.

I somehow managed to pack all my gear into one suitcase.

imitator verb \ˈi-mə-ˌtāt\
def:

to follow as a pattern, model, or example 
ex.

Her style has been imitated by many other writers.

tenant verb \ˈi-mə-ˌtāt\
def:

one who holds or possesses real estate or sometimes personal property (as a security) by any kind of right 
ex.

A tenant is now leasing the apartment.

vociferously adjective \vō-ˈsi-f(ə-)rəs\
def:

marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry 
ex.

He was vociferous in his support of the proposal.

perpetual adjective \pər-ˈpe-chə-wəl, -chəl; -ˈpech-wəl\
def:

1. continuing forever 
2.blooming continuously throughout the season 
ex.

The region is in a state of perpetual war.

hoary adjective \ˈhȯr-ē\
def:

gray or white with or as if with age 
ex.

He bowed his hoary head.

voracious adjective \vȯ-ˈrā-shəs, və-\
def:

having a huge appetite 
ex.

He has a voracious appetite.

aggravate verb \ˈa-grə-ˌvāt\
def:

1.obsolete
2.to make worse, more serious, or more sever
ex.

They're afraid that we might aggravate an already bad situation.

agentnoun \ˈā-jənt\
def:

one that acts or exerts power 
ex.

They worked with a travel agent to plan their vacation.

ailment noun \ˈāl-mənt\
def:

a bodily disorder or chronic disease 
ex.

She suffered from a chronic back ailment.

aggregate adjective \ˈa-gri-gət\
def:

formed by the collection of units or particles into a body, mass, or amount 
ex.

The university receives more than half its aggregate income from government sources.

airfare noun \ˈer-ˌfer\
def:

fare for travel by airplane 

align verb \ə-ˈlīn\
def:

1.to bring into line or alignment 
2. to get or fall into line 
ex.

He aligned the two holes so he could put the screw through them.

cinch noun \ˈsinch\
def:

1.a girth for a pack or saddle 
2.a thing done with ease 
ex.

This recipe is a cinch.

premium noun \ˈprē-mē-əm\
def:

a reward or recompense for a particular act 
ex.

Health insurance premiums went up again this year.

assignverb \ə-ˈsīn\
def:

to transfer (property) to another especially in trust or for the benefit of creditors 
ex.

The teacher assigned us 50 math problems for homework!

insult verb \in-ˈsəlt\
def:

to behave with pride or arrogance 
ex.

She felt they had insulted her by repeatedly ignoring her questions.

fragrant adjective \ˈfrā-grənt\
def:

having a sweet or pleasant smell 
ex.

The soup was fragrant with herbs and spices.

augment verb \ȯg-ˈment\
def:

1.to make greater, more numerous, larger, or more intense
2.supplement
ex.

The money augmented his fortune.

aviation noun \ˌā-vē-ˈā-shən,\
def:

1. the operation of heavier-than-air aircraft 
2.military airplanes 

bail noun \ˈbāl\
def:

a container used to remove water from a boat 

bastard noun \ˈbas-tərd\
def:

1.an illegitimate child 
2.something that is spurious, irregular, inferior, or of questionable origin 
ex.

Congratulations on getting the job, you lucky bastard!

perspire verb \pər-ˈspī(-ə)r\
def:

to emit matter through the skin; specifically: to secrete and emit perspiration 
ex.

I was nervous and could feel myself start to perspire.

grapple noun \ˈgra-pəl\
def:

1.the act or an instance of grappling 
2.a bucket similar to a clamshell but usually having more jaws 
ex.

After a grapple with his conscience, he confessed to having an affair.

scrutinize verb \ˈskrü-tə-ˌnīz\
def:

to examine closely and minutely 
ex.

I closely scrutinized my opponent's every move.

obscenely adjective \äb-ˈsēn, əb-\
def:

1.disgusting to the senses 
2.containing or being language regarded as taboo in polite usage 
ex.

He was accused of making obscene phone calls.

wiggled verb \ˈwi-gəl\
def:

to move to and fro with quick jerky or shaking motions 
ex.

The puppy wiggled with excitement.

crumb noun \ˈkrəm\
def:

1.a small fragment especially of something baked 
2.the soft part of bread 
ex.

He swept the crumbs from under the table.

scurry verb \ˈskər-ē, ˈskə-rē\
def:

1.to move in or as if in a brisk pace 
2.to move around in an agitated, confused, or fluttering manner 
ex.

She scurried off to finish the job.

nibble verb \ˈni-bəl\
def:

1. to bite gently 
2.to take away bit by bit 
ex.

We nibbled on some cheese and crackers before dinner.

crunch verb \ˈkrənch\
def:

1. to chew or press with a crushing noise 
2.to chew, press, or grind with a crunching sound 
ex.

We could hear the truck's tires crunching along the gravel road.

scurry verb \ˈskər-ē, ˈskə-rē\
def:

1.to move in or as if in a brisk pace 
2.to move around in an agitated, confused, or fluttering manner 
ex.

She scurried off to finish the job.

nibble verb \ˈni-bəl\
def:

1. to bite gently 
2.to take away bit by bit 
ex.

We nibbled on some cheese and crackers before dinner.

crunch verb \ˈkrənch\
def:

1. to chew or press with a crushing noise 
2.to chew, press, or grind with a crunching sound 
ex.

We could hear the truck's tires crunching along the gravel road.

squint adjective \ˈskwint\
def:

1.looking or tending to look obliquely or askance 
2. not having the visual axes parallel 

proper adjective \ˈprä-pər\
def:

1.referring to one individual only 
2.belonging characteristically to a species or individual 

ex.

She is a very prim and proper young lady.

stardust noun \ˈstär-ˌdəst\
def:

a feeling or impression of romance, magic, or ethereality 

goner noun \ˈgȯ-nər also ˈgä-nər\
def:

one whose case is hopeless 
ex.

This old computer is a goner. We'll have to get a new one.

execute verb \ˈek-si-ˌkyüt\
def:

1.to carry out fully : put completely into effect 
2.to perform what is required to give validity to 
ex.

He was captured, tried, and executed for murder.

learnt \ˈlərnt\
def:

chiefly British past and past participle of learn

tribunal noun \trī-ˈbyü-nəl, tri-\
def:

1.a court or forum of justice 
2.something that decides or determines 
ex.

An international tribunal was formed to deal with war crimes.

scrap noun, often attributive \ˈskrap\
def:

1.fragments of discarded or leftover food 
2.fragments of stock removed in manufacturing 

thimble noun \ˈthim-bəl\
def:

1.a pitted cap or cover worn on the finger to push the needle in sewing 
2. a grooved ring of thin metal used to fit in a spliced loop in a rope as protection from chafing 

scan [skæn] (v.)
def:

to subject something to a thorough examination
ex:

I scanned her face if she was telling the truth.

icky adjective \ˈi-kē\
def:

offensive to the senses or sensibilities 
ex.

The trail was icky with mud.

iciclenoun \ˈī-ˌsi-kəl\
def:

1.a pendent mass of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water 
2.an emotionally cold person 
ex.

His wife is such an icicle you're lucky to get so much as a greeting from her.

idolatry noun \-trē\
def:

the worship of a physical object as a god 
ex.

Her idolatry of her favorite rock star is one step removed from stalking.

ignite verb \ig-ˈnīt\
def:

to subject to fire or intense heat; especially: to render luminous by heat 
ex.

The fire was ignited by sparks.

jackalnoun \ˈja-kəl also -ˌkȯl\
def:

any of several small omnivorous canids (as Canis aureus) of Africa and Asia having large ears, long legs, 
and bushy tails 

jackass noun \ˈjak-ˌas\
def:

a stupid person 
ex.

Some jackass spilled his drink on my shoes.

adjoin verb \ə-ˈjȯin, a-\
def:

1.to add or attach by joining 
2.to lie next to or in contact with 
ex.

Her office adjoins the library.

aerospace noun \ˈer-ō-ˌspās\
def:

1.space comprising the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond 
2.a physical science that deals with aerospace 

advisoryadjective \əd-ˈvīz-rē, -ˈvī-zə-\
def:

having or exercising power to 
ex.

He attended a meeting of the advisory committee.

acre noun \ˈā-kər\
def:

1.field especially of arable land or pastureland 
2. a broad expanse or great quantity 
ex.

The house sits on two acres of land.

airtight adjective \ˈer-ˌtīt\
def:

having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole 
ex.

Store the food in an airtight container.

albeit conjunction \ȯl-ˈbē-ət, al-\
def:

 conceding the fact that : even though : although 
ex.

She appeared on the show, albeit briefly.

akin adjective \ə-ˈkin\
def:

1.related by blood
2.essentially similar, related, or compatible
ex.

The two languages are closely akin.

algebra noun \ˈal-jə-brə\
def:

a generalization of arithmetic in which letters representing numbers are combined according to the 
rules of arithmetic 

alienate verb \ˈā-lē-ə-ˌnāt, ˈāl-yə-\
def:

1.to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent especially where attachment formerly existed 
2. to cause to be withdrawn or diverted 

anecdote noun \ˈa-nik-ˌdōt\
def:

a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident
ex.

He told us all sorts of humorous anecdotes about his childhood.

anglernoun \ˈaŋ-glər\
def:

1. 1.      one that angles 
   2.anglerfish 
   
   

anode noun \ˈa-ˌnōd\
def:

1.the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs
2.the electron-collecting electrode of an electron tube; broadly: the positive electrode of a diode 

antenna noun \an-ˈte-nə\
def:

1.a usually metallic device (as a rod or wire) for radiating or receiving radio waves 
2.a special sensitivity or receptiveness antennae proved to be shrewder than ever 

anthem noun \ˈan(t)-thəm\
def:

a psalm or hymn sung antiphonally or responsively 
ex.

Fervently sang an anthem of praise to the Lord.

apparatus noun \ˌa-pə-ˈra-təs, -ˈrā-\
def:

1.set of materials or equipment designed for a particular use 
2.the organization of a political party or an underground movement
ex.

She fell off a gymnastics apparatus and broke her leg.

applicable adjective \ˈa-pli-kə-bəl \
def:

capable of or suitable for being applied : appropriate 

ex.

Businesses must comply with all applicable laws.

appraisal noun \ə-ˈprā-zəl\
def:

an act or instance of appraising; especially: a valuation of property by the estimate of an authorized person 
ex.

I made a quick appraisal of the situation and decided to leave right away.

apron noun \ˈā-prən, -pərn\
def:

1. a garment usually of cloth, plastic, or leather usually tied around the waist and used to 
protect clothing or adorn a costume 
2.the area along the waterfront edge of a pier or wharf 

shabby[ˋʃæbɪ] adj.
def:

untidy and in a bad condition from being used for a long time
ex:

An old man in shabby clothes came to the door.

goodwill [ˋgʊdˋwɪl] n.
def:

kind feelings towards or between people and a willingness to be helpful
ex:

1.We pursue a policy of goodwill in international relations.
2.He set to work with real goodwill. 

roam [rom]v.
def:

to walk or travel, usually for a long time, with no clear purpose or direction
ex:

We spent the day roaming around in the city

poll [pol] v.
def:

an attempt to find out what the public think about something, especially about a political subject, done by questioning a large number of people

ex:

A majority of those polled were worried about inflation.

compile [kəmˋpaɪl] v.
def:

to make a list, record, etc. using, different pieces of information, songs, etc.
ex:

It takes years of hard work to compile a good dictionary.

commute[kəˋmjut] v.
def:

to change the punishment given to a criminal to one that is less severe
ex:

His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.

prevail[prɪˋvel] v.
def:

if someone or their ideas prevail, they win an argument or fight after a long time 
ex:

Good will prevail over evil.

repeal [rɪˋpil] v. 
def:

if a government repeals a law it officially ends that law
ex:

The grant has been repealed.

comprise [kəmˋpraɪz] v.
def:

to consist of particular parts, groups etc
ex:

The Union comprises fifty states.

outdo [͵aʊtˋdu] v.
def:

to be better or more successful than someone else at doing something 
ex:

She outdid him in mathematics.

oblige[əˋblaɪdʒ] v. 
def:

to make it necessary for someone to do something
ex:

The scandal obliged the minister to resign.

evacuate [ɪˋvækjʊ͵et] v. 
def:

to send people to a safe place from a dangerous place 
ex:

The village was evacuated because of flood.

ponder [ˋpɑndɚ] v.
def:

to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened
ex:

They are pondering what to do next.

rash [ræʃ] adj.
def:

doing something too quickly, without thinking carefully about whether it is sensible or not
ex:

Don't make a rash decision.

perseverance [͵pɝsəˋvɪrəns]  n.
def:

approving determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties
ex:

By perseverance the crippled boy learned how to swim.

glamorous [ˋglæmərəs] adj.
def:

a person, place, or activity that is glamorous seems very attractive and expecting
ex:

Young actors are often dazzled by the glamorous lifestyle.

perseverance [͵pɝsəˋvɪrəns] n.
def:

approving determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties
ex:

By perseverance the crippled boy learned how to swim

drain [dren] v.
def:

to make the water or liquid flow away from something
ex:

Ditches were dug to drain water from the swamp.

anecdote[ˋænɪk͵dot] n
def:

a short story based on your personal experience
ex:

She told us anecdotes about the hospital and the patients.

contagious [kənˋtedʒəs](adj.) 
def:

a disease that is contagious can be passed from person to person by touch
ex:

Chicken pox is a contagious disease.

emit [ɪˋmɪt] v.
def:

discharge, ooze, give off, send out
ex:

The chimney emitted thick smoke into the air.

prosecute[ˋprɑsɪ͵kjut] v.
def:

to officially say that someone is quilty of a crime and must be judged by a court of law
ex:

He was prosecuted for drunken driving.

perilous [ˋpɛrələs] adj.
def:

very dangerous
ex:

The journey through the jungle was perilous.

menace[ˋmɛnɪs] n.
def:

something or someone that is dangerous
ex:

These local conflicts may constitute a menace to world peace.

torture[ˋtɔrtʃɚ] v.
def:

an act of deliberately hurting someone in order to force them to tell you something, to punish them, or to be cruel
ex:

The police tortured him to confess his crime.

malign /məˈlaɪn/ v.
def:

to say unpleasant things about someone or something, usually unfairly.
ex.

The much-maligned manager of the England team.

discrepancy /dɪsˈkrepənsi/ n.
def:

a difference between things that should be the same
ex.

There were some discrepancies in the statement he gave to police.

detriment /ˈdetrɪmənt/ n.
def:

harm caused to something as a result of something else.
ex.

Starting formal education too early can be of serious detriment to the child.

prevalence /ˈprevələns/ n
def:

the fact that something is prevalent.
ex.

The prevalence of lung cancer among the local population.

subsequent adj
def:

happening or coming after something else.
ex.

In subsequent interviews, Steele has contradicted his original story.

symmetrical /sɪˈmetrɪk(ə)l/ adj
def:

a symmetrical shape or object has two halves that are exactly the same.
ex.

The front of the church is completely symmetrical. 

compensation n. 
def:

1.money that someone receives because something bad has happened to them.

ex. She was awarded $2000 compensation for her injuries.
2.something that changes or removes the bad result of something.
ex. Not needing a car is one of the compensations of living in the city.

arousal n.
def:

the moment during which someone wakes after sleeping.
ex. 

A sudden arousal from sleep.

antipathy  /ænˈtɪpəθi/ n
def:

a strong feeling of not liking someone or something.
ex.

She found it hard to hide her antipathy towards her senior colleagues.

exotic  /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ adj
def:

interesting or exciting because of being unusual or not familiar.
ex.

Dancers wearing exotic costumes.

explosive /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ n
def:

a substance or an object that can cause an explosion.
ex.

Police found explosives hidden in the garage. 

derive /dɪˈraɪv/ v
def:

to receive or obtain something from else.
ex.

Products that are derived from animals.

gluttonous /ˈɡlʌt(ə)nəs/ adj
def:

eating or drinking much more than you need.
ex. 

Gluttonous customers had practically emptied the all-you-can-eat buffet.

overwhelm /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈwelm/ v
def:

to cover over completely 
ex.

Don't overwhelm him with facts.

appraisal  /əˈpreɪz(ə)l/ n
def:

an opinion about how successful, effective etc someone or something is.
ex.

The book is an excellent appraisal of the influences that have shaped our government.

scarcity [ˋskɛrsətɪ] (n.) 
def:

a situation in which there is not enough of something
ex:

The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.

remnant[ˋrɛmnənt] (n.)
def:

a small part of something that remains after the rest of it has been used, destroyed, or eaten
ex:

1.Even today remnants of his practice remain.
2.She bought a remnant of silk at a bargain.

redundant [rɪˋdʌndənt] (adj.)
def:

not necessary because something else does the something 
ex:

Skills which have been made redundant by technological advance.

transition [trænˋzɪʃən] (n.) 
def:

the act or process of changing from one form or state to another
ex:

The book takes an interesting look at a marriage intransition.

scornful [ˋskɔrnfəl] (adj.)
def:

feeling or showing scorn 
ex:

She is openly scornful of the idea that girls are in any way weaker than men.

pure[pjʊr] (adj.) 
def:

not mixed with anything
ex:

1.The air by the sea is pure and healthy. 
2.It was pure luck that he was home when we called. 

hazarous[ˋhæzɚdəs](adj) 
def:

something that may be dangerous, cause accidents, etc.
ex:

That was a hazardous journey.

shudder [ˋʃʌdɚ](v.) 
def:

to shake uncontrollably for a short time because you are frightened, or cold, or because you think something is very unpleasant 
ex:

She shuddered at the sight of a stranger hiding behing the door.

dim [dɪm] (adj.) 
def:

fairly dark or not giving much light, so that you cannot see well
ex:

The light is too dim for me to read. 

ripe [raɪp] (adj.)
def:

ripe fruit or crops are fully grown and ready to eat
ex:

He is ripe in judgements.

plain  noun\ˈplān\
def:

1.an extensive area of level or rolling treeless country 
2.something free from artifice, ornament, or extraneous matter 
ex.

The first settlers in that area lived on the vast plains in lonely log cabins.

lease noun \ˈlēs\
def:

1.a contract by which one conveys real estate, equipment, or facilities for a specified term and for a specified rent
2. continuance or opportunity for continuance
ex.

They took out a five-year lease on the house.

revenue noun, often attributive \ˈre-və-ˌnü, -ˌnyü\
def:

the total income produced by a given source 
ex.

The factory lost revenue because of the strike by the workers.

formal   adjective \ˈfȯr-məl\
def:

1.belonging to or constituting the form or essence of a thing 
2.following or according with established form, custom, or rule 

blind   adjective \ˈblīnd\
def:

1. of or relating to sightless persons 
2. lacking a growing point or producing leaves instead of flowers 
ex.

Our old blind cat kept walking into walls and furniture. 

autography   noun \ˈȯ-tə-ˌgraf\
def:

1.something written or made with one's own hand
2.an original manuscript or work of art 
ex.

We asked her for her autograph.

licit   adjective \ˈli-sət\
def:

conforming to the requirements of the law 
ex.

Law enforcement agencies are demanding stricter regulation of the sale licit medications that can later be used in the home manufacture of illicit drugs.

indicative  adjective \in-ˈdi-kə-tiv\
def:

of, relating to, or constituting a verb form or set of verb forms that represents the denoted act or state as an objective fact
ex.

In “I walked to school,” the verb walked is in the indicative mood.

valid  adjective \ˈva-ləd\
def:

having legal efficacy or force; especially: executed with the proper legal authority and formalities 
ex.

There is no valid reason to proceed with the change.

inflation noun \in-ˈflā-shən\
def:

a hypothetical extremely brief period of very rapid expansion of the universe immediately following the big bang 
ex.

The government has been unable to control inflation.

reassure verb \ˌrē-ə-ˈshu̇r\
def:

to assure anew 
ex.

Experts reassured the public that the accident wouldn't happen again. 

prompt   verb \ˈpräm(p)t\
def:

to serve as the inciting cause of 
ex.

Curiosity prompted her to ask a few questions. 

promotion  noun \prə-ˈmō-shən\
def:

the act or fact of being raised in position or rank 
ex.

There was little chance for promotion within the company.

sluggish  adjective \ˈslə-gish\
def:

slow to respond 
ex.

The game picked up after a sluggish start.
  

account  noun \ə-ˈkau̇nt\
def:

a record of debit and credit entries to cover transactions involving a particular item or a particular person or concern 
ex.

We opened new accounts at a bank last week. 

volume  noun \ˈväl-yəm, -(ˌ)yüm\
def:

1. series of printed sheets bound typically in book form 
2.the amount of a substance occupying a particular volume 
ex.

Can you turn the volume up? 

rival  noun \ˈrī-vəl\
def:

one of two or more striving to reach or obtain something that only one can possess 
ex.

The teams have been longtime rivals. 

upward  adverb \ˈəp-wərd\
def:

in a direction from lower to higher 
ex.

She directed my gaze upward. 
  
aloof  adjective \ə-ˈlüf\
def:

removed or distant either physically or emotionally 
ex.

They tried to keep aloof from the politics of the day. 

assertive  adjective \ə-ˈsər-tiv, a-\
def:

disposed to or characterized by bold or confident statements and behavior 
ex.

Their daughter is assertive little girl. 

driven  adjective
def:

having a compulsive or urgent quality 
ex.

They aredriven, successful people. 

billboard  noun \ˈbil-ˌbȯrd\
def:

a large panel designed to carry outdoor advertising 

inventory  noun \ˈin-vən-ˌtȯr-ē\
def:

an itemized list of current assets
ex.

We made an inventory of the library's collection. 

breezy  adjective \ˈbrē-zē\
def:

swept by breezes
ex. 

I enjoy the author's breezy style. 

chilly  adjective \ˈchi-lē\
def:

noticeably cold 
ex.

It's a little chilly outside.

apparent   adjective \ə-ˈper-ənt, -ˈpa-rənt\
def:

1.open to view; visible
2.clear or manifest to the understanding
ex.

From the beginning, it was apparent that she was not an ordinary child.

consistent   adjective \kən-ˈsis-tənt\
def:

1.possessing firmness or coherence
2.marked by harmony, regularity, or steady continuation
ex.

We need to be more consistent in handing this problem.

withstand  verb \with-ˈstand, with-\
def:

1.to stand up against
2.to be proof against 
ex.

I couldn't withstand the rigors of army life.

suspend  verb \sə-ˈspend\
def:

1.to debar temporarily especially from a privilege,offfice,or function
2.to cause to stop temporari;y
ex.

He was suspended from the team for missing too many practices.

hazard   noun \ˈha-zərd\
def:

1.a game of chance like craps played with two dice
2.a source of danger
ex.

The tumbledown old barn was considered a fire hazard.

warehouse  noun \ˈwer-ˌhau̇s\
def:

a structure or room for the storage of merchandise or commodities
ex.

When the warehouse burned down,we lost most of our merchandise.

reimburse verb \ˌrē-əm-ˈbərs\
def:

1.to pay back to someone
2.to make restoration or payment of an equivalent to
ex.

Make sure you keep your receipts so we reimburse you for your expenses.

diplomatical  adjective \ˌdi-plə-ˈma-tik\
def:

1.exactly reproducing the original 
2.of, relating to, or concerned with diplomacy or diplomats 
ex.

Negotiators are working to restore full diplomatic relations.

noticeable adjective \ˈnō-tə-sə-bəl\
def:

1.worthy of notice 
2.likely to be  noticed
ex.

The spot on your shirt is very noticeable.

notation noun \nō-ˈtā-shən\
def:

the act, process, method, or an instance of representing by a system or set of marks, signs, figures, or characters 
ex.

A mathematical notation for computer programming.

notable  adjective \ˈnō-tə-bəl\
def:

1.worthy of note; remarkable 
2.efficient or capable in performance of housewifely duties 
ex.

There are a few notable exceptions. 

peculiar  adjective \pi-ˈkyül-yər\
def:

1.characteristic of only one person, group, or thing 
2.different from the usual or normal
ex.

It seems peculiar that he would leave town and not tell anybody.

cautious   adjective \ˈkȯ-shəs\
def:

marked by or given to caution
ex.

Any cautious tourist will guard her passport.

periodical  adjective \ˌpir-ē-ˈä-di-kəl\
def:

published with a fixed interval between the issues or numbers 
ex.

A periodical town newsletter that is supported by local advertisers.

hanger noun \ˈhaŋ-ər\
def:

1.something that hangs, overhangs, or is suspended
2.a device by which or to which something is hung or hangs

escalator noun \ˈes-kə-ˌlā-tər\
def:

power-driven set of stairs arranged like an endless belt that ascend or descend continuously 

fare verb \ˈfer\
def:

1.range of food 
2.a paying passenger on a public conveyance 
ex.

The taxi driver picked up his fares at the airport.

bucket  noun \ˈbə-kət\
def:

1.a typically cylindrical vessel for catching, holding, or carrying liquids or solids 
2.something resembling a bucket
ex.

We used twobuckets of paint to paint the living room.

director   noun \də-ˈrek-tər, dī-\
def:

the head of an organized group or administrative unit 
ex.

The company will hire a new director of marketing.

cruise  verb \ˈkrüz\
def:

1.to sail about touching at a series of ports 
2. to move or proceed speedily, smoothly, or effortlessly 
ex.

We cruised for a week down the Yangtze River.

chart noun \ˈchärt\
def:

an outline map exhibiting something (as climatic or magnetic variations) in its geographical aspects 
ex.

A chart showing the number of cars sold each month.

rinse  verb \ˈrin(t)s\
def:

to cleanse by flushing with liquid 
ex.

He washed the dishes and then rinsed them thoroughly. 

cartridge  noun \ˈkär-trij
def:

an often cylindrical container for insertion into a larger mechanism or apparatus 
ex.

The printer needs a new ink cartridge.

garage  noun \gə-ˈräzh, -ˈräj \
def:

a shelter or repair shop for automotive vehicles 
ex.

My car was making a strange noise, so I brought it to the garage.

expire verb \ik-ˈspī(-ə)r\
def:

to breathe one's last breath 
ex.

My driver's license has expired.

inspect  verb \in-ˈspekt\
def:

1.to view closely in critical
2.to examine officially
ex.

She had the car inspected by a mechanic before she bought it.

substantiate   verb \səb-ˈstan(t)-shē-ˌāt\
def:

1.to give substance or form to
2.to establish by proof or competent evidence
ex.

Mr. MacGregor could't substantiate that it was Peter, and not some other rabbit, in the cabbage patch.

probation noun /prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/
def:

1.critical examination and evaluation  or subjection to such examination and evaluation 
2.the state or a period of being  subject to probation
ex.

As a new employee, I will be on probation for three months.

sequence   noun \ˈsē-kwən(t)s, -ˌkwen(t)s\
def:

1.a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions
2.a continuous or connected series 
3.order of success
ex.

He listened to the telephone messages in sequence.

lounge  verb \ˈlau̇nj\
def:

1.to act or move idly or lazily
2.o pass time idly
ex.

She was lounging on the sofa.

phobia noun \ˈfō-bē-ə\
def:

an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object, class of objects or stituation
ex.

His fear of crowds eventually developed into a phobia.

defy verb \di-ˈfī, dē-\
def:

1.to challenge to combat 
2.to challenge to do something considered impossible
ex.

She defied her parents and dropped out of school.

bewilder  verb \bi-ˈwil-dər, bē-\
def:

1.to cause to lose one's bearings
2.to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, or multitude of objects or considerations
ex.

The change in policy seems to have bewildered many of our customers.

scheme noun \ˈskēm\
def:

1.a mathematical or astronomical diagram
2.a plan or program of action; especially, a crafty or secret one
ex.

A plan or program of action;especiall,a crafty or secret one

reunion  noun \(ˌ)rē-ˈyün-yən\
def:

1.an act of reuniting
2.a reuniting of persons after seperation
ex.

An emotional reunion between mother and son.

litter noun \ˈli-tər\
def:

1.a covered and curtained couch provived with shafts and used for carring a single passenger
2.trash,wastepaper,or garbage lying scattered
ex.

We decided to pick up the litter in the park.

pertinent  adjective \ˈpər-tə-nənt, ˈpərt-nənt\
def:

having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand
ex.

He impressed the jury with his concise,pertinent answers to the attorney's questions.

emerge   verb \i-ˈmərj\
def:

1.to become manifest
2.to rise from or as if from an enveloping fluid
ex.

The facts emerged after a lengthy investigation.

leash   noun \ˈlēsh\
def:

1.a line for leading or restraining an animal
2.a set of three animals
ex.

Dogs must be kept on a leash while in the park.

tariff  noun \ˈter-əf, ˈta-rəf\
def:

a schedule of duties imposed by a government on imported or in some countries exported goods

resort  noun \ri-ˈzȯrt\
def:

1.one that affords aid or refuge
2.a place providing recreation and entertainment especially to vacationers
ex.

The island port was once the resort of smugglers, pirates, and other unsavory characters.

obscure  adjective \äb-ˈskyu̇r, əb-\
def:

1.surouded in or hidden by darkness
2.not readily understood or clearly expressed
ex.

The movie is full of obscure references that only pop culture enthusiasts will understand.

venerate  verb \ˈve-nə-ˌrāt\
def:

1.to regard with revential respect
2.to honor with a ritual act of devotion
ex.

A writer venerated by generations of admirers.

declare  verb \di-ˈkler\
def:

1.to make known formally, officially, or explicitly
2.to make evident
ex.

The government has just declared a state of emergency.

court  verb \ˈkȯrt\
def:

1.to seek to gain or achieve
2.to seek to attract
ex.

He was courting his college sweetheart.

skyrocket   verb \ˈskī-ˌrä-kət\
def:

1.to cause to rise or increase abruptly and rapidly
2.catapult

ex.

His popularity skyrocketed after his latest movie.

plummet  verb \ˈplə-mət\
def:

1.to fall perpendicularly
2.to drop sharply and abruptly
ex.

The car plummeted to the bottom of the canyon.

consecutive  adjective \kən-ˈse-kyə-tiv, -kə-tiv\
def:

following one after the other in order
ex.

The team's winning streak has lasted for seven consecutive games.

stagnant  adjective \ˈstag-nənt\
def:

1.not flowing in a current or stream
2.not advancing or developing

dramatic  adjective \drə-ˈma-tik\
def:

1.of or relating to the drama
2.suitable to or characteristic of the drama
ex.

His parents noticed a dramatic change in his behavior.

manual /ˈmænjʊəl/ noun.

definition :

a book containing instructions for doing something, 

especially for operating amachine

hypothesis  /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ noun.

definition :

an idea that attempts to explain something,

but has not yet been tested or provedto be correct

ex.

Our findings support the hypothesis 

that these patients are at increased risk ofheart disease.

stereotype /ˈsteriəˌtaɪp/ noun.

definition :

a very firm and simple idea about what a particular type of person or thing is like

ex. 

He certainly doesn't fit the stereotype of the emotional Italian.

applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ noun.

definition :

someone who applies for something, such as a job or a loan of money

ex.

job applicants

participant /pɑrˈtɪsɪpənt/noun.

definition :

someone who takes part in something 
ex.

It was argued that he was a willing participant in the crime.

exclude  /ɪkˈsklud/  verb

definition :

to deliberately not include something

ex.

These figures exclude cash receipts.

external  /ɪkˈstɜrn(ə)l/  adjective

definition :

coming from outside a place or organization

ex.

sources of external financing

exterior /ɪkˈstɪriər/ noun

definition :

the outside part of something, especially a building

ex.

There are plans to improve the hotel’s exterior.

extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ verb

definition :

to remove something from a particular place

ex.

He opened a drawer and extracted a file.

extracurricular /ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələr/ adjective 

definition :

extracurricular activities are things

that you do at school or college that are not part of your program of study

reorganization /͵riɔrgənəˋzeʃən/ noun

definition :

the process of organizing something again in a different way

ex.

The general manager has planned a reorganization of the sales department

repeat /rɪˋpit/ verb

definition :

to say or write something again

ex.

If you repeat those allegations, we will consult our lawyers.

reprss /rɪˈpres/ verb

definition :

a feeling

ex.

I couldn’t repress my curiosity.

retrieve /rɪˈtriv/ verb

definition :

to get something back, especially something that is not easy to find

ex.

She stooped to retrieve the key from the ground.

revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ verb

definition :

to make someone become conscious or alive again

ex.

Attempts to revive him failed, and he died soon afterward.

childish  /tʃ'ɑɪldɪʃ/  adj

definition :

behaving in a silly and annoying way, like a small child
ex.

It’s simply childish to refuse to talk to her.

foolish /ˈfulɪʃ/ adjective

definition :

lacking good sense and judgment
ex.

I did some stupid things when I was young and foolish.

selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adjective

definition :

thinking only about yourself and not caring about other people

ex.

I decided to go for purely selfish reasons.

reddish /ˈredɪʃ/ adjective

definition :

similar to red, or slightly red

rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ adjective

definition :

something that is useless, of no value, or of very low quality

irrational /ɪˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective

definition :

done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

ex.

The market’s enthusiasm for high-tech stocks was irrational but understandable.

irregular /ɪˈreɡjələr/ adjective

definition :

not even, smooth, or straight in shape or appearance

ex.

The original date of the translation is irrelevant to its value as a historical source.

irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɑnsəb(ə)l/ adjective

definition :

done or said without thinking of the possible results of your actions or words

ex.

It was irresponsible of you to leave her alone.

irresistible /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəb(ə)l/ adjective

definition :

strong or powerful and impossible to control or defeat.

ex.

The arguments for a change in the law are irresistible.